Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by restriction of energy intake, fear of gaining weight, and severe disturbances in weight or shape. Recovery from AN is a complicated and often multifaceted experience that can take many years to achieve. Qualitative research has found that support, being understood, hope, desire for recovery, positive experiences in treatment, self-efficacy, motivation, and relationships are important in the recovery from AN. This article shall discuss the factors influencing full recovery from anorexia nervosa.
Anorexia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening illness that often has a long course. Although many people with anorexia nervosa fully recover, others will develop a chronic form of the condition which can end in death or severe medical complications.
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Duration of Illness
One of the primary predictors for recovery from anorexia is a short duration of symptoms and illness prior to treatment.
In other words, the longer a person has symptoms of anorexia before starting treatment and entering recovery, the more likely it is that the illness will become chronic or that medical complications will develop.
For this reason, eating disorders must be screened for in high-risk populations, and parents and other caregivers should not ignore symptoms.
Many patients do not believe they are ill and therefore may not think they need treatment.
Male patients and those from marginalized and underserved communities often don’t receive early intervention and treatment for eating disorders.
Depression
Many people with eating disorders also have symptoms of one (or more) other mental health conditions, such as depression. It’s not uncommon for people with anorexia nervosa to report they experienced symptoms of depression prior to the onset of the eating disorder. Others may have only developed additional mental health symptoms after their eating disorder started.
Medical and mental health professionals need to be prepared to identify and treat depression in addition to anorexia nervosa. A 2014 study found that persistent and chronic anorexia symptoms are more likely to develop in people who experienced symptoms of depression before they developed an eating disorder.
Relationship with Parents
Research has also demonstrated that people with supportive and positive parental relationships are more likely to achieve recovery. On the other hand, people who have a negative relationship with family, or who have extremely critical parents, appear to be more likely to experience anorexia nervosa as a chronic illness.
Providers should recognize that families with a child who has an eating disorder may appear to have poor relationships when they are actually responding to a crisis.
This underscores the importance of involving parents in the treatment process, whether through family therapy or family-based treatment.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
As with depression, many people with anorexia nervosa also experience obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) alongside their eating disorder. Some research indicates the two conditions could share a genetic link.6
Research has shown that co-existing OCD is linked with poorer outcomes in the recovery of anorexia nervosa. The link is yet another reason why it’s necessary for treatment providers to screen for and address additional mental health symptoms in people with eating disorders.
Vomiting and Purging Behaviors
Binging and purging is a subtype of anorexia nervosa in which people engage in self-induced vomiting or other purging behaviors. It is similar to another eating disorder called bulimia nervosa.
People with anorexia nervosa who binge and purge may also be diagnosed with the anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging subtype.
Seeking Help
Anorexia recovery is possible and it’s never too late to begin the process. If you or a loved one has anorexia nervosa, it’s vital that you involve a team of knowledgeable, compassionate medical and mental healthcare professionals.
Seeking help from a provider who has experience treating eating disorders can give someone with an eating disorder and their family invaluable resources and support on the road to recovery.
In summary, eating disorders can be difficult to recognize and even more complex to treat, but there is hope. Researchers continue to investigate factors that affect the course of anorexia nervosa.
New information will help develop better ways to identify and treat eating disorders, as well as the other mental health conditions that often accompany them. For people with anorexia nervosa and their families, working with an informed and compassionate team of medical and mental health professionals is crucial to positive recovery outcomes.
Researchers are looking for factors that might help (or hinder) full recovery from anorexia. Identifying these factors can hopefully help medical and mental health professionals determine the best treatment for each person with the condition.
Full recovery is often defined as being completely free from all symptoms of the eating disorder and a return to healthy body weight. It is also accompanied by an appropriate perspective on food, body image, and body weight.
I hope you find this article helpful.
